It enables children 1) to understand the basic number systems such as base-ten and place values 2) to understand concepts of carrying and borrowing in arithmetic 3) to understand combinations of 5 and 10 and complements of numbers 4) to visualize close relations between numbers and numerals, and 5) to develop children's ability to perform mental calculations. In Japan, educators maintain that the abacus (soroban) helps children develop powers of mental calculation. What are the advantages of learning to use an abacus? After finishing our instruction books and with daily practice, your child will be able to do the arithmetic calculations MENTALLY very soon. But in the case of the abacus, the child converts the numbers into beads (input), manipulates the beads (processing), and brings out the result (output). With an electronic calculator, the child provides the input (numbers, addition or subtraction), and the calculator provides the output (numbers). What is the difference between an abacus and an electronic calculator? A soroban is made up of a wooden frame divided into two parts separated by a beam, with upper deck of one row of beads and a lower deck of four rows of beads. Over time the abacus traveled to Japan and evolved into what it is called today: the soroban. The abacus as we know it today did not appear in China until about 1200 A.D.
CHINESE ABACUS SUBTRACTION SERIES
A series of vertical rods allows the wooden beads to slide freely.
A Chinese abacus is made up of a wood frame divided into two parts separated by a beam, with an upper deck of two rows of beads and a lower deck of five rows of beads. The abacus is a tool used by the Chinese since about 500 BC for the simplest of calculations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as fractions and square roots.
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